The protocol for this review is registered with the International prospective register of systematic reviews ( ) no. Our aim was to systematically review the evidence base with respect to the relationship between air pollution and incident cognitive decline and dementia in adult populations and to update our earlier review in this area. Recent interest in this area has led to the publication of several such studies examining air pollution exposure and incident cognitive decline or dementia. Given that air pollution is known to have a negative effect on human health, a clinical trial of the length needed to evaluate effect on cognitive function is unlikely and the best evidence to demonstrate a causal link will come from longitudinal observational studies. The 2017 Lancet commission on dementia prevention, intervention and care included air pollution in a list of potential risk factors for dementia the 2018 Lancet commission on pollution states that the evidence of causation is building, in particular for fine particulate matter and dementia in the elderly, and it calls for research to explore emerging causal links. S145-S163, 2019Įxposure to air pollution, especially fine particulate matter, is thought to increase risk of hypertension, raised lipids, atherosclerosis, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, enhanced propensity toward coagulation, inflammation, and stroke, all of which also raise risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. Keywords: Air pollutants, cognitive decline, dementia, particulate matter | MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Facility of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UKĬorrespondence to: Ruth Peters, Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia. | School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, UK Neuroscience Research Australia, Australia

Guest editors: Kaarin Anstey and Ruth PetersĪuthors: Peters, Ruth a b * | Ee, Nicole b | Peters, Jean c | Booth, Andrew c | Mudway, Ian d | Anstey, Kaarin J. Issue title: International Research Network on Dementia Prevention

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